Optimum Web
SecurityFinTech

Linux User Management & Security Hardening for FinTech

Onboarding time: 3 hours → 2 minutes, 100% ghost account elimination

Industry

FinTech

Duration

3 weeks

Service

Linux User Management (Fixed-Price), Cybersecurity Consulting

Challenge

Manual access management across 50+ servers, ghost accounts, no audit trail

Technologies
LinuxLDAPFreeIPASSHBashAnsibleAuditd
Key Result

Onboarding time: 3 hours → 2 minutes, 100% ghost account elimination

The Problem

A mid-sized FinTech company managing sensitive financial data across 50+ Linux servers hosted on multiple cloud providers was sitting on a security time bomb. Their rapid growth — from 10 to 45 engineers in 18 months — had outpaced their infrastructure management practices.

1. Security Vulnerabilities: 'Ghost' Accounts Everywhere

Access was managed manually — a spreadsheet tracked who had SSH keys on which servers, but it was perpetually outdated. When developers left the company or contractor engagements ended, their SSH keys often remained active on production servers. A quick audit revealed: • 23 SSH keys belonging to former employees and contractors still active across production systems. • 8 servers where the root password was shared among team members via a Slack channel. • No centralized record of who could access what. The security implications were severe: any former employee or contractor with lingering access could potentially exfiltrate sensitive financial data, modify transaction records, or introduce malicious code.

2. Compliance Gaps: PCI DSS Audit Failure

To process credit card transactions, the company needed PCI DSS compliance. Their first audit attempt failed on multiple access control requirements: • No documented proof of who accessed which server and when. • Shared root accounts made individual accountability impossible. • No formal process for revoking access upon personnel changes. • Password policies were non-existent — some servers still used default credentials. The auditor's report stated: "The organization cannot demonstrate adequate access controls for systems handling cardholder data."

3. Operational Inefficiency: Onboarding Bottleneck

Every new hire required manual SSH key configuration across dozens of servers. The process involved: • A senior DevOps engineer manually adding keys to each relevant server (averaging 15–25 servers per developer). • Testing access on each server individually. • Documenting the access in the shared spreadsheet (which was frequently forgotten). Total time per new hire: approximately 3 hours of senior engineer time. With the company hiring 2–3 engineers per month, this consumed an entire workday monthly — just for onboarding.

The Solution

Phase 1: Audit & Cleanup (Week 1)

The client engaged Optimum Web's Fixed-Price Linux User Management service ($149) to standardize and automate their entire user lifecycle. The implementation was methodical and comprehensive:

  • Conducted a full access audit across all 50+ servers, generating a complete map of every user account, SSH key, and sudo privilege.
  • Identified and immediately revoked 23 orphaned SSH keys belonging to former personnel.
  • Disabled 8 shared root accounts and replaced them with individual named accounts.
  • Documented current access state as the baseline for the new system.

Phase 2: Centralized Identity Management (Week 2)

  • Deployed FreeIPA as the centralized identity provider, replacing the fragmented local account system.
  • Integrated all 50+ servers with the central directory via SSSD (System Security Services Daemon).
  • Implemented Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) based on the Principle of Least Privilege: Developers with read access to application logs; DevOps Engineers with sudo access to Docker and deployment tools; Database Administrators with PostgreSQL/MySQL access only; Team Leads with extended access for code review and incident response.

Phase 3: Automated SSH Key Management (Week 2–3)

  • Replaced all password-based authentication with individual SSH key-based authentication.
  • Configured centralized SSH key distribution via FreeIPA — adding a key in one place propagates it to all authorized servers within minutes.
  • Implemented SSH key rotation policy: keys expire every 90 days and must be renewed.
  • Deployed Ansible playbooks for bulk access changes — granting or revoking access to 50+ servers takes a single command.

Phase 4: Audit Logging & Compliance (Week 3)

  • Configured auditd on all servers to track user login/logout events, sudo usage, file access, and command execution.
  • Centralized log collection to a dedicated, tamper-proof log server.
  • Created automated compliance reports showing: who accessed which server, when, what commands they executed, and with what privileges.
  • Generated the documentation package required for PCI DSS audit submission.

The Results

3 hours → under 2 minutes
Onboarding Time
23 orphaned keys → 0 (100% eliminated)
Ghost Accounts
Failed → Passed PCI DSS
Audit Compliance
Fixed-price $149 vs $5,000+ consultant
Cost Savings

Additional Outcomes

  • Offboarding time reduced from 'whenever someone remembers' to instant — a single command revokes all access across all servers.
  • Security incident response improved: audit logs now provide a clear timeline of who did what during any incident investigation.
  • The company hired 8 more engineers in the following quarter with zero access management delays.
  • The PCI DSS auditor specifically noted the 'exemplary access control documentation' in the follow-up review.

Technologies Used

LinuxFreeIPALDAPSSSDSSHAnsibleAuditdBashFail2banSELinux

Key Takeaway

For FinTech companies handling sensitive data, manual access management isn't just inefficient — it's a regulatory and security risk. Centralizing identity management with RBAC transforms a chaotic, error-prone process into a secure, auditable system. The $149 fixed-price service saved this client from what could have been a six-figure compliance failure and potential data breach.

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